A good cover letter can strengthen your application and give employers a clearer picture of your skills and personality. Writing one does not need to be complicated. By following six simple steps, you can create a professional letter that shows your value.

1. Start with your header

As with any formal business letter, begin with your details at the top. Include your name, city and postcode, phone number, and email address. Below that, add the date, the recipient’s name and title if you know it, and the organisation’s name and address. If you do not know the recipient’s name, it is fine to leave that part out.

2. Include a greeting

Whenever possible, address your letter to the person who is reviewing applications. A polite greeting such as “Dear [First name] [Last name],” “Dear Hiring Manager,” or “Dear [Job Title]” works well. Avoid old-fashioned phrases like “To whom it may concern,” as they sound distant.

3. Write an opening paragraph

Begin your letter by stating the role you are applying for and where you saw it advertised. Express your interest in the position and briefly explain why you would like to work for the organisation. Keep this paragraph short and engaging, as it sets the tone for the rest of the letter.

4. Add a second paragraph

In the next section, highlight your background, skills, and achievements that are most relevant to the role. Choose one or two strong examples that show clear results or a positive impact. For instance, you might mention a project you led, a target you exceeded, or a challenge you solved. Use keywords from the job description to show that your experience matches what the employer is looking for. Focus on your most recent or most important achievements.

5. Finish with a closing paragraph

Use your final paragraph to underline why you are a strong candidate. You could summarise another achievement, explain how your skills transfer to the role, or describe your motivation for applying. Keep this part concise but positive.

6. End with a professional sign-off

Close your letter politely. Thank the reader for taking the time to review your application and express your interest in moving to the next stage. Standard sign-offs include “Sincerely,” “Yours faithfully” if you do not know the person’s name, or “Yours sincerely” if you do. Then sign your name.

What to consider before you write

Before drafting your letter, think carefully about your skills, strengths, and achievements that relate to the role. Make note of where and how you found the job advert. Take time to research the organisation’s values, mission, and culture so you can show how you fit in. Finally, decide who to address the letter to. If no name is given, “Dear Hiring Manager” is acceptable.

Tips for an effective cover letter

Keep your letter short. One page is usually enough and helps you focus on the most important details. Make it specific by giving clear examples of your achievements instead of general statements. Match your content to the job description so that the employer sees you are the right fit. Use a professional tone with a simple font and clean layout. Finally, proofread carefully to check spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Reading your letter aloud can help you notice mistakes you might otherwise miss.