In this phase, we will be talking about Singular/Plural. Singular and Plural are extremely important across every language to construct a sentence.

We know some of the constant rules that are followed across most languages, no matter whether it’s English, Spanish or others.

1. If a word ends with a vowel, then at the end of the word, ‘s’ will be placed and the singular word will turn into plural. Example: Gato becomes Gatos, Perro becomes Perros.
2. If a word ends with a consonant, then at the end of the word, ‘es’ will be placed and the singular word will turn into plural. Example: Amor becomes Amores, Canción becomes Canciones.

If in a sentence, the noun is plural, the article will also be plural, and if the noun is singular, the article will also be singular. Example: La is singular whereas Las is plural, for El it’s Los, for Un it’s Unos, for Una it is Unas.

If structured in a sentence, The white in Spanish is El blanco, The whites are Los blancos. Similarly, Vega means plain land or low land, but Las Vegas means the plain lands.

It is to be remembered that the pronunciation of Ñ in Spanish will be ‘enniye’. For example: Sueño means dream, which is pronounced as ‘Suyeni’; similarly, Español means Spanish.

The adjective in a sentence will also be changed depending on the gender of the noun. By default, any adjective remains in the masculine form. But for females, ‘a’ is added to make it feminine. However, in some cases, the masculine form remains the same, while the feminine form changes. Example: Masculine: blanco → negro, Feminine: blanca → negra.

So, in Spanish, adjectives generally agree with the gender of the noun, such as blanco = masculine, blanca = feminine.

If the noun is plural in a sentence, the adjective will also be plural. For example, Rose in Spanish is Rosa. Hence, The Rose will be La Rosa, The red rose is La rosa roja, The red roses are Las rosas rojas.

Similarly, following the same pattern, give yourself a try with Árbol (tree), Cielo (sky).

There are some common colours that you must know in Spanish, how they are termed.

• Blanco – White
• Negro/Oscuro – Black
• Azul – Blue
• Amarillo – Yellow
• Verde – Green
• Rojo – Red

Again, there are some common adjectives that you must know in Spanish, how they are termed.

• Big – Grande
• Small – Pequeña/o
• Tall – Alto/a
• Short – Bajo/a
• Fat – Gordo/a
• Slim – Delgado/a

In terms of courtesy, three sentences and words are mostly used. To connect with courtesy and Spanish culture, it is necessary to know.

• Excuse me – Por favor
• Thank you – Gracias
• Welcome – De nada
• Sorry – Lo siento

To address someone with a name, three prefixes are incumbent to know.

• Mr. – Señor
• Mrs. – Señora
• Miss – Señorita

If you don’t have marital status, it is wise to use señora.

We often use ‘This’ in our sentences and while speaking. It has two forms. One is Este, used for male gender, and another is Esta, used for female gender. And when you are questioning someone and you do not know the gender, then it is necessary to use ‘esto’. For example: This is a dog in Spanish is Este es un perro. [Perro means dog]

Similarly, singular for This, That is este/esta and ese/esa respectively, while for plural, These is estos/estas. (Ending depends on gender.)

A common ‘Wh’ we always use while asking questions is What. In Spanish, this ‘What’ is termed as Qué. It is pronounced as ‘Ke’.

Part 1: https://tbsgraduates.net/writeup/learning-spanish-part-1/
Part 2: https://tbsgraduates.net/writeup/learning-spanish-part-2/